Author Archives: Sung Lee

Can a toroidal black hole exist?

Many years ago, a brilliant Berkeley mathematician Richard Borcherds started a blog on math. I have no doubt he has so many interesting things to share about math. Regrettably though, for whatever reason, it didn’t last long. In one of … Continue reading

Posted in General Relativity | Leave a comment

diff (A Linux Command)

diff is one of my favorite Linux commands, which is very useful. What does it do? It does compare two text documents and shows their differences if there are any. The syntax is as simple as diff textfile1 textfile2 and … Continue reading

Posted in Linux, macOS | Leave a comment

Constellation (TV series) and Many-Worlds Interpretation

There is a new TV series titled Constellation on Apple TV+. The plot so far (I don’t intend to be a spoiler and I don’t actually know much about the plot either because there have been only three episodes) is … Continue reading

Posted in Quantum Mechanics | Leave a comment

Coffee and Mathematics

I don’t remember who said it but someone (could be one of French mathematicians) said “Mathematicians are those who turn coffee into theorems“. It rings so true to me. I love coffee. I love its smell and taste. The smell … Continue reading

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Square Root of Klein-Gordon

Replacing $E$ and $p$ by $i\hbar\frac{\partial}{\partial t}$ and $-i\hbar\nabla$, respectively, in the energy-momentum relation $$E^2=p^2c^2+m_0^2c^4$$ we obtain the Klein-Gordon operator $$\square=\frac{m_0^2c^2}{\hbar^2},$$ where $$\square=-\frac{1}{c^2}\frac{\partial^2}{\partial t^2}+\nabla^2$$ $\square$ is called the d’Alembertian or the wave operator. This time, replacing $E$ and $p$ by … Continue reading

Posted in Quantum Mechanics | Leave a comment